To Test and Check the Integrity for Backups
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The database prevents operations that result in unusable backup files or corrupt restored datafiles. The database server automatically does the following:
* Blocks access to datafiles while they are being restored or recovered
* Allows only one restore operation for each datafile at a time
* Ensures that incremental backups are applied in the correct order
* Stores information in backup files to allow detection of corruption
To Detect of Logical Block Corruption
--------------------------------------
This tests data and index blocks for logical corruption, such as corruption of a row piece or index entry. If RMAN finds logical corruption, then it logs the block in the alert.log
1. Start RMAN in nocatalog mode and connect to your database:
From the operating system prompt issue at database host :
$ rman target / nocatalog
2. From the RMAN> prompt issue the validate command with the "check logical"
clause:
The following example shows how to validate a single datafile:
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup check logical validate datafile 77;
release channel d1;
}
If you wish to monitor the progress of RMAN backup validate, you may issue this
query:
SQL> select sid, serial#, context, sofar, totalwork,
round(sofar/totalwork*100,2) "%_complete"
from v$session_longops
where opname like 'RMAN%'
and opname not like '%aggregate%'
and totalwork != 0
and sofar <> totalwork
/
3. Once the validate process is complete, you either check the alert log or a
view depending on the version of Oracle being used.
In Oracle9i and beyond you can query the view name V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION
to determine what corruption, if any, was found by RMAN.
Showing posts with label RMAN. Show all posts
Showing posts with label RMAN. Show all posts
Wednesday, December 3, 2008
Saturday, October 25, 2008
RMAN Backup and Recovery Scenarios
RMAN Backup and Recovery Scenarios
=> Complete Closed Database Recovery. System tablespace is missing
If the system tablespace is missing or corrupted the database cannot be started up so a complete closed database recovery must be performed.
Pre requisites: A closed or open database backup and archived logs.
1. Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted system datafile to its original location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/system01.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/system01.dbf
2. startup mount;
3. recover datafile 1;
4. alter database open;
=> Complete Open Database Recovery. Non system tablespace is missing
If a non system tablespace is missing or corrupted while the database is open, recovery can be performed while the database remain open.
Pre requisites: A closed or open database backup and archived logs.
1. Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted datafile to its original location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/user01.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/user01.dbf
2. alter tablespace offline immediate;
3. recover tablespace;
4. alter tablespace online;
=> Complete Open Database Recovery (when the database is initially closed).Non system tablespace is missing
If a non system tablespace is missing or corrupted and the database crashed,recovery can be performed after the database is open.
Pre requisites: A closed or open database backup and archived logs.
1. startup; (you will get ora-1157 ora-1110 and the name of the missing datafile, the database will remain mounted)
2. Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted datafile to its original location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/user01.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/user01.dbf
3. alter database datafile3 offline; (tablespace cannot be used because the database is not open)
4. alter database open;
5. recover datafile 3;
6. alter tablespace online;
=> Recovery of a Missing Datafile that has no backups (database is open).
If a non system datafile that was not backed up since the last backup is missing,recovery can be performed if all archived logs since the creation of the missing datafile exist.
Pre requisites: All relevant archived logs.
1. alter tablespace offline immediate;
2. alter database create datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’;
3. recover tablespace;
4. alter tablespace online;
If the create datafile command needs to be executed to place the datafile on a location different than the original use:
alter database create datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’ as ‘/user/oradata/u02/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’
=> Restore and Recovery of a Datafile to a different location.
If a non system datafile is missing and its original location not available, restore can be made to a different location and recovery performed.
Pre requisites: All relevant archived logs.
1.Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted datafile to the new
location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/user01.dbf /user/oradata/u02/dbtst/user01.dbf
2. alter tablespace offline immediate;
3. alter tablespace rename datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/user01.dbf’ to ‘/user/oradata/u02/dbtst/user01.dbf’;
4. recover tablespace;
5. alter tablespace online;
=>Control File Recovery
Always multiplex your controlfiles. Controlfiles are missing, database crash.
Pre requisites: A backup of your controlfile and all relevant archived logs.
1. startup; (you get ora-205, missing controlfile, instance start but database is not mounted)
2. Use OS commands to restore the missing controlfile to its original location:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/control01.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/control01.dbf
cp -p /user/backup/uman/control02.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/control02.dbf
3. alter database mount;
4. recover automatic database using backup controlfile;
5. alter database open resetlogs;
6. make a new complete backup, as the database is open in a new incarnation and previous archived log are not relevant.
=>Incomplete Recovery, Until Time/Sequence/Cancel
Incomplete recovery may be necessaire when an archived log is missing, so recovery can only be made until the previous sequence, or when an important object was dropped, and recovery needs to be made until before the object was dropped.
Pre requisites: A closed or open database backup and archived logs, the time or sequence that the ‘until’ recovery needs to be performed.
1. If the database is open, shutdown abort
2. Use OS commands to restore all datafiles to its original locations:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/u01/*.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/
cp -p /user/backup/uman/u02/*.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/
cp -p /user/backup/uman/u03/*.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/
cp -p /user/backup/uman/u04/*.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/
etc…
3. startup mount;
4. recover automatic database until time ‘2004-03-31:14:40:45′;
5. alter database open resetlogs;
6. make a new complete backup, as the database is open in a new incarnation and previous archived log are not relevant.Alternatively you may use instead of until time, until sequence or until cancel:
recover automatic database until sequence 120 thread 1; OR
recover database until cancel;
=>Rman Recovery Scenarios
Rman recovery scenarios require that the database is in archive log mode, and that backups of datafiles, control files and archived redolog files are made using Rman. Incremental Rman backups may be used also.
Rman can be used with the repository installed on the archivelog, or with a recovery catalog that may be installed in the same or other database.
Configuration and operation recommendations:
Set the parameter controlfile autobackup to ON to have with each backup a
controlfile backup also:
configure controlfile autobackup on;
set the parameter retention policy to the recovery window you want to have,
ie redundancy 2 will keep the last two backups available, after executing delete obsolete commands:
configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
Execute your full backups with the option ‘plus archivelogs’ to include your archivelogs with every backup:
backup database plus archivelog;
Perform daily maintenance routines to maintain on your backup directory the number of backups you need only:
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt obsolete backup;
To work with Rman and a database based catalog follow these steps:
1. sqlplus /
2. create tablespace repcat;
3. create user rcuser identified by rcuser default tablespace repcat temporary tablespace temp;
4. grant connect, resource, recovery_catalog_owner to rcuser
5. exit
6. rman catalog rcuser/rcuser # connect to rman catalog as the rcuser
7. create catalog # create the catalog
8. connect target / #
=>Complete Closed Database Recovery. System tablespace is missing
In this case complete recovery is performed, only the system tablespace is missing,so the database can be opened without reseting the redologs.
1. rman target /
2. startup mount;
3. restore database;
4. recover database;
5. alter database open;
=>Complete Open Database Recovery. Non system tablespace is
missing,database is up
1. rman target /
2. sql ‘alter tablespace offline immediate’;
3. restore datafile 3;
4. recover datafile 3;
5. sql ‘alter tablespace online’;
=> Complete Open Database Recovery (when the database is initially
closed).Non system tablespace is missing
A user datafile is reported missing when tryin to startup the database. The datafile can be turned offline and the database started up. Restore and recovery are performed using Rman. After recovery is performed the datafile can be turned online again.
1. sqlplus /nolog
2. connect / as sysdba
3. startup mount
4. alter database datafile ‘’ offline;
5. alter database open;
6. exit;
7. rman target /
8. restore datafile ‘’;
9. recover datafile ‘’;
10. sql ‘alter tablespace online’;
=> Recovery of a Datafile that has no backups (database is up).
If a non system datafile that was not backed up since the last backup is missing,recovery can be performed if all archived logs since the creation of the missing datafile exist. Since the database is up you can check the tablespace name and put it offline. The option offline immediate is used to avoid that the update of the datafile header.
Pre requisites: All relevant archived logs.
1. sqlplus ‘/ as sysdba’
2. alter tablespace offline immediate;
3. alter database create datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/newdata01.dbf;
4. exit
5. rman target /
6. recover tablespace;
7. sql ‘alter tablespace online’;
If the create datafile command needs to be executed to place the datafile on a location different than the original use:
alter database create datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’ as ‘/user/oradata/u02/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’
=> Restore and Recovery of a Datafile to a different location. Database is up.
If a non system datafile is missing and its original location not available, restore can be made to a different location and recovery performed.
Pre requisites: All relevant archived logs, complete cold or hot backup.
1. Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted datafile to the new location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/user01.dbf /user/oradata/u02/dbtst/user01.dbf
2. alter tablespace offline immediate;
3. alter tablespace rename datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/user01.dbf’ to ‘/user/oradata/u02/dbtst/user01.dbf’;
4. rman target /
5. recover tablespace;
6. sql ‘alter tablespace online’;
=> Control File Recovery
Always multiplex your controlfiles. If you loose only one controlfile you can replace it with the one you have in place, and startup the Database. If both controlfiles are missing, the database will crash.
Pre requisites: A backup of your controlfile and all relevant archived logs. When using Rman alway set configuration parameter autobackup of controlfile to ON. You will need the dbid to restore the controlfile, get it from the name of the backed up controlfile.It is the number following the ‘c-’ at the start of the name.
1. rman target /
2. set dbid
3. startup nomount;
4. restore controlfile from autobackup;
5. alter database mount;
6. recover database;
7. alter database open resetlogs;
8. make a new complete backup, as the database is open in a new incarnation and previous archived log are not relevant.
Incomplete Recovery, Until Time/Sequence/Cancel
Incomplete recovery may be necessaire when the database crash and needs to be recovered, and in the recovery process you find that an archived log is missing. In this case recovery can only be made until the sequence before the one that is missing.
Another scenario for incomplete recovery occurs when an important object was dropped or incorrect data was committed on it.
In this case recovery needs to be performed until before the object was dropped.
Pre requisites: A full closed or open database backup and archived logs, the time or sequence that the ‘until’ recovery needs to be performed.
1. If the database is open, shutdown it to perform full restore.
2. rman target \
3. startup mount;
4. restore database;
5. recover database until sequence 8 thread 1; # you must pass the thread, if a single instance will always be 1.
6. alter database open resetlogs;
7. make a new complete backup, as the database is open in a new incarnation and previous archived log are not relevant.Alternatively you may use instead of until sequence, until time, ie: ‘2004-12-28:01:01:10′.
=> Complete Closed Database Recovery. System tablespace is missing
If the system tablespace is missing or corrupted the database cannot be started up so a complete closed database recovery must be performed.
Pre requisites: A closed or open database backup and archived logs.
1. Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted system datafile to its original location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/system01.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/system01.dbf
2. startup mount;
3. recover datafile 1;
4. alter database open;
=> Complete Open Database Recovery. Non system tablespace is missing
If a non system tablespace is missing or corrupted while the database is open, recovery can be performed while the database remain open.
Pre requisites: A closed or open database backup and archived logs.
1. Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted datafile to its original location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/user01.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/user01.dbf
2. alter tablespace
3. recover tablespace
4. alter tablespace
=> Complete Open Database Recovery (when the database is initially closed).Non system tablespace is missing
If a non system tablespace is missing or corrupted and the database crashed,recovery can be performed after the database is open.
Pre requisites: A closed or open database backup and archived logs.
1. startup; (you will get ora-1157 ora-1110 and the name of the missing datafile, the database will remain mounted)
2. Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted datafile to its original location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/user01.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/user01.dbf
3. alter database datafile3 offline; (tablespace cannot be used because the database is not open)
4. alter database open;
5. recover datafile 3;
6. alter tablespace
=> Recovery of a Missing Datafile that has no backups (database is open).
If a non system datafile that was not backed up since the last backup is missing,recovery can be performed if all archived logs since the creation of the missing datafile exist.
Pre requisites: All relevant archived logs.
1. alter tablespace
2. alter database create datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’;
3. recover tablespace
4. alter tablespace
If the create datafile command needs to be executed to place the datafile on a location different than the original use:
alter database create datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’ as ‘/user/oradata/u02/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’
=> Restore and Recovery of a Datafile to a different location.
If a non system datafile is missing and its original location not available, restore can be made to a different location and recovery performed.
Pre requisites: All relevant archived logs.
1.Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted datafile to the new
location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/user01.dbf /user/oradata/u02/dbtst/user01.dbf
2. alter tablespace
3. alter tablespace
4. recover tablespace
5. alter tablespace
=>Control File Recovery
Always multiplex your controlfiles. Controlfiles are missing, database crash.
Pre requisites: A backup of your controlfile and all relevant archived logs.
1. startup; (you get ora-205, missing controlfile, instance start but database is not mounted)
2. Use OS commands to restore the missing controlfile to its original location:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/control01.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/control01.dbf
cp -p /user/backup/uman/control02.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/control02.dbf
3. alter database mount;
4. recover automatic database using backup controlfile;
5. alter database open resetlogs;
6. make a new complete backup, as the database is open in a new incarnation and previous archived log are not relevant.
=>Incomplete Recovery, Until Time/Sequence/Cancel
Incomplete recovery may be necessaire when an archived log is missing, so recovery can only be made until the previous sequence, or when an important object was dropped, and recovery needs to be made until before the object was dropped.
Pre requisites: A closed or open database backup and archived logs, the time or sequence that the ‘until’ recovery needs to be performed.
1. If the database is open, shutdown abort
2. Use OS commands to restore all datafiles to its original locations:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/u01/*.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/
cp -p /user/backup/uman/u02/*.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/
cp -p /user/backup/uman/u03/*.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/
cp -p /user/backup/uman/u04/*.dbf /user/oradata/u01/dbtst/
etc…
3. startup mount;
4. recover automatic database until time ‘2004-03-31:14:40:45′;
5. alter database open resetlogs;
6. make a new complete backup, as the database is open in a new incarnation and previous archived log are not relevant.Alternatively you may use instead of until time, until sequence or until cancel:
recover automatic database until sequence 120 thread 1; OR
recover database until cancel;
=>Rman Recovery Scenarios
Rman recovery scenarios require that the database is in archive log mode, and that backups of datafiles, control files and archived redolog files are made using Rman. Incremental Rman backups may be used also.
Rman can be used with the repository installed on the archivelog, or with a recovery catalog that may be installed in the same or other database.
Configuration and operation recommendations:
Set the parameter controlfile autobackup to ON to have with each backup a
controlfile backup also:
configure controlfile autobackup on;
set the parameter retention policy to the recovery window you want to have,
ie redundancy 2 will keep the last two backups available, after executing delete obsolete commands:
configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
Execute your full backups with the option ‘plus archivelogs’ to include your archivelogs with every backup:
backup database plus archivelog;
Perform daily maintenance routines to maintain on your backup directory the number of backups you need only:
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt obsolete backup;
To work with Rman and a database based catalog follow these steps:
1. sqlplus /
2. create tablespace repcat;
3. create user rcuser identified by rcuser default tablespace repcat temporary tablespace temp;
4. grant connect, resource, recovery_catalog_owner to rcuser
5. exit
6. rman catalog rcuser/rcuser # connect to rman catalog as the rcuser
7. create catalog # create the catalog
8. connect target / #
=>Complete Closed Database Recovery. System tablespace is missing
In this case complete recovery is performed, only the system tablespace is missing,so the database can be opened without reseting the redologs.
1. rman target /
2. startup mount;
3. restore database;
4. recover database;
5. alter database open;
=>Complete Open Database Recovery. Non system tablespace is
missing,database is up
1. rman target /
2. sql ‘alter tablespace
3. restore datafile 3;
4. recover datafile 3;
5. sql ‘alter tablespace
=> Complete Open Database Recovery (when the database is initially
closed).Non system tablespace is missing
A user datafile is reported missing when tryin to startup the database. The datafile can be turned offline and the database started up. Restore and recovery are performed using Rman. After recovery is performed the datafile can be turned online again.
1. sqlplus /nolog
2. connect / as sysdba
3. startup mount
4. alter database datafile ‘
5. alter database open;
6. exit;
7. rman target /
8. restore datafile ‘
9. recover datafile ‘
10. sql ‘alter tablespace
=> Recovery of a Datafile that has no backups (database is up).
If a non system datafile that was not backed up since the last backup is missing,recovery can be performed if all archived logs since the creation of the missing datafile exist. Since the database is up you can check the tablespace name and put it offline. The option offline immediate is used to avoid that the update of the datafile header.
Pre requisites: All relevant archived logs.
1. sqlplus ‘/ as sysdba’
2. alter tablespace
3. alter database create datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/newdata01.dbf;
4. exit
5. rman target /
6. recover tablespace
7. sql ‘alter tablespace
If the create datafile command needs to be executed to place the datafile on a location different than the original use:
alter database create datafile ‘/user/oradata/u01/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’ as ‘/user/oradata/u02/dbtst/newdata01.dbf’
=> Restore and Recovery of a Datafile to a different location. Database is up.
If a non system datafile is missing and its original location not available, restore can be made to a different location and recovery performed.
Pre requisites: All relevant archived logs, complete cold or hot backup.
1. Use OS commands to restore the missing or corrupted datafile to the new location, ie:
cp -p /user/backup/uman/user01.dbf /user/oradata/u02/dbtst/user01.dbf
2. alter tablespace
3. alter tablespace
4. rman target /
5. recover tablespace
6. sql ‘alter tablespace
=> Control File Recovery
Always multiplex your controlfiles. If you loose only one controlfile you can replace it with the one you have in place, and startup the Database. If both controlfiles are missing, the database will crash.
Pre requisites: A backup of your controlfile and all relevant archived logs. When using Rman alway set configuration parameter autobackup of controlfile to ON. You will need the dbid to restore the controlfile, get it from the name of the backed up controlfile.It is the number following the ‘c-’ at the start of the name.
1. rman target /
2. set dbid
3. startup nomount;
4. restore controlfile from autobackup;
5. alter database mount;
6. recover database;
7. alter database open resetlogs;
8. make a new complete backup, as the database is open in a new incarnation and previous archived log are not relevant.
Incomplete Recovery, Until Time/Sequence/Cancel
Incomplete recovery may be necessaire when the database crash and needs to be recovered, and in the recovery process you find that an archived log is missing. In this case recovery can only be made until the sequence before the one that is missing.
Another scenario for incomplete recovery occurs when an important object was dropped or incorrect data was committed on it.
In this case recovery needs to be performed until before the object was dropped.
Pre requisites: A full closed or open database backup and archived logs, the time or sequence that the ‘until’ recovery needs to be performed.
1. If the database is open, shutdown it to perform full restore.
2. rman target \
3. startup mount;
4. restore database;
5. recover database until sequence 8 thread 1; # you must pass the thread, if a single instance will always be 1.
6. alter database open resetlogs;
7. make a new complete backup, as the database is open in a new incarnation and previous archived log are not relevant.Alternatively you may use instead of until sequence, until time, ie: ‘2004-12-28:01:01:10′.
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